This project was a three-year longitudinal study after the pilot study in 2015.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the efficacy of a “Focus on Form Approach,” an originally created method of instruction based on TBLT, compared to “Presentation-Practice-Production”, or PPP instruction, the ordinary method used in teaching English in Japan.
We investigated the same 80 beginning learners of English; their ages were between 11 and 13.
The target structures investigated were post-modified structures in two forms: a noun modified with a prepositional phrase, like “a dog under the tree,” and to-infinitives with an adjectival use, like “time to go”. These are the structures the Japanese beginning learners of English find the most difficult, according to our two previous studies.
